Rubber production is a very important aspect of daily life. There are lots of kinds of products that are produced with rubber. Rubber is generally produced in natural and synthetic ways. The synthetic way is much more common in today’s technology.
But rubber is not used only used to produce different products. There are lots of additives are added to rubbers to obtain required mechanical and physical properties for specific duties. The most important additives are; colorants, sulfur for vulcanization, carbon black, and other catalysts. This mixture is called rubber compounds.
Cross-linking formation is a very important phenomenon for rubbers. The degree of cross-linking must be controlled specifically to obtain the required properties. So, monitoring of cross-linking formation is very important in the mixing operations of rubber compounds.
The vulcanization process is the formation of cross-linking between rubber molecules. Viscosity decreases immensely with cross-linking formation. So, mixing with vulcanization agents must be done after the mixing with other agents.
The first mixing process is called masterbatch mixing which includes carbon black, colorants, and other agents. Very homogeneous mixing is accomplished in this stage.
After the masterbatch mixing, rubber that mixed with other agents is mixed with sulfur to obtain cross-linking formation.
Two-roll mils or internal mixer systems are used to mix the rubber with other components.
Mixing the rubber with other components done basically like that.
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